The new engines are close to the dream of perpetual motion machines.

“ Researchers have demonstrated a way to generate nighttime power by exploiting an often-overlooked temperature difference between Earth and the sky. Their approach uses a specialized engine to tap into this subtle energy flow, revealing possibilities that don’t depend on sunlight or conventional fuels. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, New Engine Taps the Freezing Void of Space To Generate Power at Night)

We know that perpetual motion machines are impossible. The reason for that. It is in friction. But it's possible to create an engine that benefits from the temperature differences. And that makes it possible to maintain the rotational movement. 

An engine that uses freezing space to harness energy from its environment could be one of the solutions that can make solar power more effective. The idea in those systems is that. Energy travels from the higher energy side to the lower energy side. So, if the system can be in line. Where the other side is colder than the other, that makes energy flow on that wheel. The system is based on the Striling engine. 

Like all other heat-based systems, which create movement from a temperature difference. The Stirling engine can theoretically. Uses things like. The expansion of liquid gases. For making the rotational movement. The system that uses the freezing space has one problem. The temperature level between the hot and warm sides must not reach the same level. The other side must be colder so that energy can move in the system. 

The thing that can boost these kinds of systems is wheels. These are connected with time crystals. In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. This thing means that. Those time crystals can be put on the wheel that harnesses energy from the temperature difference between its sides. Time crystals can recycle their energy. Ad sometimes they are called quantum-size perpetual motion machines. 

“Scientists have crafted a visible form of a “time crystal,” a strange phase of matter that moves in endlessly repeating patterns when illuminated. Using liquid crystals similar to those in phone screens, the team coaxed swirling structures that behave like particles and cycle in time on their own. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Create First-Ever Visible “Time Crystal”)

The fact is that if those systems can get energy from outside. The wobbling movement of those time crystals. It can offer the possibility. To create a new way to create or harness energy. But. The requirement is that those systems’ temperature must be near zero kelvin. Otherwise, oscillation causes energy loss. That turns those time crystals useless. 

We must remember that no machine creates energy. The machine transforms energy into another form, or it puts energy into motion. The “perpetual motion machines” are possible at the quantum level. In larger systems, friction causes energy loss. That makes those systems hard to benefit from. If there is a possibility of making a system. That recycles all energy without loss. That gives a fundamental way to create energy. 

Those systems. Use wobbling extremely low-energy atoms or other particles to harness energy. Does the engine produce? Or uses energy, depending on whether it delivers more energy than it uses. 

The low-energy particles that wobble can easily harness more energy from kinetic platforms or radiation that they need for their wobbling movement. The requirement is that the temperature of those particles is decreased near absolute zero or 0K. In extremely low temperatures. The system can harness more energy than it uses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-engine-taps-the-freezing-void-of-space-to-generate-power-at-night/

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-create-first-ever-visible-time-crystal/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal