Excitons and light form new quantum states.

“Physicists have long wondered what happens when a superfluid is cooled even further, and now, experiments in bilayer graphene hint at an unexpected answer. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily,Physicists Watch a Superfluid Freeze, Revealing a Strange New Quantum State of Matter)

The new form of quantum state of matter is found in bilayer graphene. The bilayer graphene is the thing. That can make a superfluid freeze or stop moving. This means that the graphene is covered by an icy superfluid. And that uncovered strange new quantum behavior in that thing. 

Researchers found an unexpected relationship. Between the density of the quasiparticles and the temperature. At high density, excitons behaved like a superfluid, but as their density decreased, they stopped moving and became insulators. When the temperature decreased, superfluidity returned. 

Those systems can revolutionize.  Quantum computing technology. The laser systems can be used to adjust that transition. 

This phenomenon can be used in superconducting miniature electronics. The ability to control insulation. And electric conductivity. It is an important thing for the gates and switches in the small superconducting microchips. 

The system can use a laser as a thermal pump. The laser can be used to adjust the energy flow in the graphene, so that it transports as much energy away from the fluid as possible. The superfluid is between those graphene layers. And that helps to control it. 

“Illustration of excitons arranging into a solid pattern in bilayer graphene. Credit: Cory Dean, Columbia University” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Watch a Superfluid Freeze, Revealing a Strange New Quantum State of Matter)

“For all the theory and debate, the most famous candidate, helium, has not provided a definitive, natural example of a superfluid turning into a supersolid. Researchers have built supersolid-like systems in the atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) sub-branch of physics, but those demonstrations typically rely on lasers and optical components to impose a repeating structure. This creates what is known as a periodic trap that encourages the fluid into a crystal-like pattern, a bit like Jello confined in an ice cube tray.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Watch a Superfluid Freeze, Revealing a Strange New Quantum State of Matter)

“Controlling a superfluid in a 2D material is an exciting prospect—compared to helium, for example, excitons are thousands of times lighter, so they could potentially form quantum states such as superfluids and supersolids at much higher temperatures. The future of supersolids remains to be realized, but there is now solid evidence that 2D materials will help researchers understand this enigmatic quantum phase.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Watch a Superfluid Freeze, Revealing a Strange New Quantum State of Matter)

“The researchers used a laser pulse (blue) to change the polarity of a ferromagnetic state in a special material consisting of twisted atomic layers (red). Credit: Enrique Sahagún, Scixel / University of Basel, Department of Physics” (ScitechDaily, Laser Light Rewrites Magnetism in Breakthrough Quantum Material)

Another thing is that. The light can. Have quantum ability. Which allows it. To control things. Like the magnetic field. The ability to force atoms at a very low temperature into straight lines can make it possible to create a situation where the magnetic fields travel through matter. This thing makes it possible.  To create quantum levitation, or the so-called Meissner effect. But the Meissner effect can also make it possible. 

To create systems that allow light to travel through the system. If there are no fields that can cause reflection. The system turns invisible to those wavelengths.  The reason for that is this. Without reflection, the energy or wave movements cannot reach the observer. That turns matter into a ghost. 

But the ability to control magnetism makes it possible. To create new fundamental material layers. Those layers can form the grooves by pulling the layer that reacts to the magnet down. And when those grooves are not necessary, the magnets can be shut down. 

There is also a possibility that the layer is made using tiny magnets. Those nano-scale magnets can be in the nanotubes. And. The system can turn them by using light. The ability to adjust their polarity. Makes it possible. To switch the polarity in the layer. 

These types of systems could also turn. The polarity of the magnets. Oppositely. This means that light turns those poles upside down. And that makes it possible to change the polarity of the layer. 

https://scitechdaily.com/laser-light-rewrites-magnetism-in-breakthrough-quantum-material/

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-watch-a-superfluid-freeze-revealing-a-strange-new-quantum-state-of-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton

Could that fish-dinosaurs ring portray prehistoric piranhas?

"Reconstruction of what the Xiphodracon could have looked like. Credit: Bob Nicholls" (ScitechDaily, New 190-Million-Year-Old “Sword Dragon” Rewrites Ichthyosaur Evolution)

The images of ancient sea dinosaurs are interesting. The 190-million-year-old Ichthyosaur fossil rewrites the history of those sea dinosaurs. The long nose of that creature. Tells that this dinosaur could be quite fast. But. It also tells. About. The possibility. This dinosaur could need to avoid some acoustic organs. Sonar is what modern whales use to hunt their prey. The long nose causes an effect. That. The soundwave travels through those prehistoric predators. Could there be? Some sea creatures that use sonar for hunting? 

Maybe that ability was for the Livyatan. That creature was the ancestor of the sperm whale. 

Another. A very. Interesting detail. Are the smaller fish-saurs. Those dinosaurs are making the wheel-shaped form, with a hole in the middle of it. That means that the pack could hunt as a unit. So, could those smaller sea dinosaurs have similar behaviors to modern piranha? There is a possibility that when a bigger dinosaur tries to travel through that ring, those smaller fish cover that predator, and close its tonsils. 

They might also bite that larger prey. This means that the smaller fish-saurs. That attack against the much larger predators could also kill. A very large. Sea predators like Megalodon. Those smaller predators act like piranha. They trust their group force to hunt the far bigger sea predators. Those small fish-like dinosaurs can also blow water or send water impulses against those larger predators. 

So, could those kinds of predators still be found? Could some observations about the extremely large medusa be caused by? A fish pack that acts as a unit. We know that some fish act united. The entire swarm acts. Like. One individual. And the question is: would there be some sea predators? That acts like herring?

https://scitechdaily.com/new-190-million-year-old-sword-dragon-rewrites-ichthyosaur-evolution/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livyatan

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The simplest explanation for ultra-high-energy particles might be the best one.

"When high-energy cosmic particles strike the top of Earth’s atmosphere, they produce showers of “daughter” particles that will find their way down to Earth. On the surface, we’ve built several notable detector arrays, including the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), to reconstruct the energy and direction of the initial cosmic ray that struck the Earth." (BigThink, The simplest explanation for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)

The ultra-high-energy particles are mysterious. But sometimes the best explanation is the simplest. When a particle travels in the universe, it faces many energy fields and other particles. Whenever those particles travel through the higher-power energy field, they transfer energy to the particle that travels through them. This means the reason for the ultra-high energy photons and other particles is that. 

"Any cosmic particle that travels through the Universe, regardless of speed or energy, must contend with the existence of the particles left over from the Big Bang. While we normally focus on the normal matter that exists, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons, they are outnumbered more than a billion-to-one by the remnant photons and neutrinos/antineutrinos. When a charged particle travels through the intergalactic medium, regardless of how it’s produced, it cannot ignore the “bath” of photons it will experience along its journey." (BigThink, The simplest explanation for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)

Those particles traveled through extremely high-power energy fields, such as those. Found in black hole jets. In the same way. Things. Like gravitational lenses transmit energy to those particles. In the same way. When particles. Like electrons impact a photon, they load energy into the photon. 

A photonic ray. It can accelerate electrons. But in the same way, when an electron impacts a photon, that electron transfers energy into that photon. The photon also reflects from the incoming electron, and that impact. Stretches a photon into gamma-rays. The gamma-ray systems can be the next-generation tool in inspection. 

"Particles traveling near light speed can interact with starlight and boost it to gamma-ray energies. This animation shows the process, known as inverse Compton scattering. When light ranging from microwave to ultraviolet wavelengths collides with a fast-moving particle, the interaction boosts it to gamma rays, the most energetic form of light. This type of interaction, between photons and energetic charged particles, will also serve to slow down (or brake) the charged particle’s motion." (BigThink, The simplest explanation for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)

Today. Those gamma rays are produced by using radioactive material. The radioactive material. It is a dangerous tool. In the wrong hands. And the particle accelerators that use laser beams. That impact with electrons can be an answer. The gamma-ray systems can open the atomic structures. In new ways. For reseachers. 

These kinds of reactions and interactions affect in the same way. To a photon, and because an electron’s mass is much higher, that thing can turn a photon’s wavelength into gamma rays. When. Laser rays are shot against electron beams. Those things can be used to create synthetic gamma-rays. The high-energy reactions can open a new route to high-energy solutions. 

"Cosmic rays, which are ultra-high energy particles originating from all over the Universe, including particles emanating from the Sun, strike atomic nuclei everywhere they exist. On Earth, they land in the upper atmosphere and produce showers of new particles, but on the Moon, they recoil off of the heavy atomic nuclei present on the airless Moon’s surface." (BigThink, The simplest explanation for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays)

The photon is the only particle that doesn’t cause annihilation when it impacts antimatter. 

Particle collisions between photons can also explain dark energy. The fact is that all particles in the universe react to photons. The interactions between photons and electrons can accelerate electrons to incredible speeds. The laser systems that accelerate electrons in the particle accelerators can open new paths into physics. 

The laser beam can travel across the cathode beam and push electrons into the accelerator tube. Those accelerators can be far smaller, and their energy level can be higher than that of particle accelerators. Those are in use. The photon beam can be used to control things. Like. Antimatter particles. The photon beam can be used to create antimatter systems. Like. Antimatter rockets. The laser beam that drives antimatter particles to the rocket chamber uses particles that don’t interact with antimatter. 

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